FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens, Dextran-Mimetic Quantum Dots for Multimodal Macrophage Imaging, Isolation of lactic acid bacteria starters from, Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Gold MH, Biron JA. Doke SK, Dhawale SC. Ann Surg Oncol. Sung-Wook Choi. Ubbelohde, Leo. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579. Food Funct. Part of Markierte Dextrane sind hydrophile Polysaccharide, die hufig in mikroskopischen Studien zur berwachung der Zellteilung, zum Verfolgen der Bewegung von lebenden Zellen und zur Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der zytoplasmatischen Matrix verwendet werden. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. 10K, and c M.W. 4K, b M.W. Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. 2003;89(2):31120. Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with Our portfolio includes for example derivatives of dextran, polysucrose, inulin and more. For Research Use Only. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. 8. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Static and Dynamic Light-Scattering Solution Behavior of Pullulan and Dextran in Comparison. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. dextran hydrodynamic radius. (2012). Pathan IB, Setty CM. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. Exp Cell Res. 2008;26(11):12618. Nair SS. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. 2009;8(2):1739. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. where c is the solute concentration (g/cm3), [] is the intrinsic viscosity (cm3/g), and kH represents Huggins constants (cm3/g). European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. Drug deliv. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. 2005;304(1):27486. Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data. ; Bos, G.W. European. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Int J Food Sci Nutr. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. ; van Nostrum, C.F. Ther. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. (2007). All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. Charge: Anionic. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Pharm Res. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Citation-(RIS Int. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. GYA primarily conducted research. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. 2004;25(9):155967. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). (1999). Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. This conjecture found to be correct. Dextran Fractions. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. @ Nilimesh See attached. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. (2013). (2001). Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. The site is secure. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. (1969). In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Pure Appl. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. Kumar SV, Tarun P, Kumar TA. These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. 2015;32(5):170413. European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753. Bose, A.; Rollings, J. E.; Caruthers, J. M.; Okos, M. R.; Tsao, T. G. (1982). The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. 2009;6(4):34354. Pharm Res. Terms and Conditions, Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. Stenekes, R.J.H. 2012;87(6):1728. Learn More. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. In vivo iontophoretic delivery of salmon calcitonin across microporated skin. Format). Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Structure Properties of Dextran. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. B 113, 8020-8025. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter (d h ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The Dextrans intrinsic viscosity is determined as a function of the molecular weight in water and NaOH 0.5 M see reference [1]. Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Granath, K. A. Keratinocytes adjacent to the wound site induced by the microporation in the epidermis undergo a series of modifications that allow their proliferation and migration to the wound. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. A lot of research has been devoted to dextrans modification in order to describe special characteristics relevant to specific applications such as surfactants [16], as visible marker [17], polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, covalent crosslinking [18], ionic crosslinking, polyelectrolyte complex, and the self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, and hydrophilic modified polysaccharides [19]. Durand, A. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. MeSH terms 1905/05) for their financial support. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. 2009;301(8):60913. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. The lower molecular weight of FITC-dextran permeated more on both human and pig skin. Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. PubMedGoogle Scholar. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. 2019;26(1):25261. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. FITC-dextran solution (600L) was added to the donor chamber. Data File Dextran. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). WebIn this regard, we chose as crowding agents a number of polymers with hydrodynamic dimensions comparable to those of iRFP713 in different structural states: polyethylene glycol8,000(PEG-8000)withaneffectivehydrodynamicradiusof24.5 1.9(Devanand & Selser, 1991), Dextran-40 and Dextran-70 with hydrodynamic radius of 44.550 and 5864 , Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the Biomacromolecules 8, 2464-2475. ; Dutt, N.V.K. Studies carried out at different ionic strength you can see them in the references [64, 65] and works with different solvents in the references [66, 67]. SWC designed and coordinated the research. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Similar results are obtained in references [35, 36, 37], using a system of dextran / ethylene glycol, and dextran/dimethylsulfoxide, respectively. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. (2003). Critical parameters for gel permeation The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. Pharm Res. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. Epub 2012 Oct 18. 2003;10:33847. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Dextran. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. GPC Symp. Before The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. Optical properties of dextran in solution and in films. The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. Formul. Dependence on Concentration. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. 43-1, 115-147. Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. Disclaimer. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) For data requests, please contact the authors. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. 2012;3(1):208. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should Eng. Learn More. ; De Jong, S.J. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2003). Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. 2023 Feb 17;12(4):861. doi: 10.3390/foods12040861. Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitknen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Pivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Epub 2017 Jun 1. Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The Mark-Houwink. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. (2006). 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63].
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