Deformities in individual trees can usually be corrected by clipping and shearing, thereby improving the quality and saleability of the tree. Mon-Sat: 08:30 19:00 ( Hence, the shears. Recommendations for growing Christmas trees are almost all based on a chemical approach chemical fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and miticides. This prevents one or more of the top whorl branches from taking over as a leader and forming a crooked or multiple top. (Lime usually isnt necessary unless the pH is below 5.5, although a pH of 6.0 can benefit balsam firs. ( Christmas Trees magazine, Tree Publishers, Inc., P.O. ( ( I spent some time each July pulling these out of the trees. As a general rule of thumb, the ideal time to prune, shear, and shape is when the shoots stop elongating, but before the branches harden. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, Diversity & Inclusion Statement/Code of Ethics, https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.32.2.324. Birmingham 45 minutes, Privacy Policy ( Christmas Tree Farm Locator. ( Just after the seedlings emerge in the spring, expose them to 50% light by covering the bed with wood lath screening or snow fencing or by making a grid with stakes and rope about 1 foot off the ground and setting fir boughs on this grid. Sign up for our newsletter. For example, if a tree is lopsided, it can be brought back into balance by clipping the longest lateral branches on the heavy side of the tree. Fir and spruce should be cut after a killing frost has set the needles, while pines should be cut before a hard frost to prevent foliage discoloration and old needle drop. During this time, the trees growth rate will slow down. ( Since then, her children have continued the tradition. ( Basal pruning reduced cutting time 25%, and baling time 10%. If you require a slimmer tree or prefer a wider one, shaping can do that too. ( For evergreen trees, pruning in late summer and autumn is ideal. (h opacity: 1; Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] ( Water the seedbed several times a week the first two months after germination if it doesnt rain; after this water thoroughly once a week if rain doesnt do the job. ( The length of . The budgeted annual costs for the Christmas tree farm are shown in Table 3 on a per acre basis. Real Christmas trees are biodegradable, which means they can be used for mulch or for other purposes. As the industry evolved, commercial Christmas tree growers have developed techniques to reduce or eliminate these problems. It was written for orchardists, but some of the information relates to Christmas trees, as well: Purchase and release of predatory mites can be useful to establish populations in large plantings or orchards, but the best results are obtained by creating favorable conditions for naturally occurring predators for instance, by avoiding dusty conditions and pesticide sprays. Using a spade or post-hole auger, one person can plant 600 to 800 trees per day. J ( By the time the trees were six or seven years old, it was difficult to get between them to prune and impossible to mow between them. Shearing is usually started when trees are 4 to 5 feet high on spruce and fir and at 3 feet on pines. Anon., So You Want to Grow Christmas Trees? Yankee Woodlot Bull 7048, Univ. ( This publication outlines how trees grow and the culturing practices necessary to develop the size, shape, and density of true fir, Douglas-fir, pine, and spruce Christmas trees so that they are marketable. ( J (h Carbaryl (Sevin), for example, apparently directly cause mites to reproduce faster, and it can further favor spider mites by increasing the level of nitrogen in leaves. Image: Abies Nordmanniana from Thompson & Morgan. ( Dec 3, 2021 | ( Keep this healthy bud but remove the other buds down to about 3 inches (8 cm.) Double leaders are removed, and deformities corrected. 1997, Hortscience. Call ahead to confirm availability and dates . ( According to ATTRA, rotary hoes are an effective cultivation tool for in-row weed control and soil cultivation. Read the code on FindLaw Cowscan generally be trusted to avoid [evergreens]. The time I spend in the plantation pruning is some of the most peaceful, quiet time that I get in the summer. ( ( ( Balsams are more forgiving of such neglect; Scotch pines arent. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Cultural practices can have a significant impact on spider mites. This is an easy place to begin pruning. ( If so, the needles should fall off easily. Four types of pruning cuts are made: basal pruning; central leader pruning; lateral branch pruning; and corrective . ( You can run ads in newspapers using a photo of your family with the trees is a good eye-catcher on the radio or on signs or posters; send post cards or other direct mail; and/or be included in a state list of producers. ( ( J ( In addition, a long list of insects, diseases and mites can attack the trees, and weeds are an ever-present threat. (( ( ( This allows the tree to heal after the cut and encourage new growth. ( Experiment Station, Lexington, KY Donovan, Dave D., Seedling Availability, Planting, Initial Care, Oklahoma State Univ. So now our 500-tree Scotch pine plantation is a bird sanctuary, picnic area, and tree-climbing area. In essence, shearing the tree is accomplished by visualizing an imaginary cone over the tree and cutting off all the branches that stick out beyond the cone. .ashs_container div{ If you cut the tree down by hand, make sure you cut it at an angle. Even though we are a new Christmas tree farm, we promise you will be surprised at the beauty of our trees. ( The first step in pruning a Christmas tree is to ensure that it is still young. Second, I dont like machetes because theyre dangerous. As the trees get larger, they shade out more weeds, too. ( ( ( ( 1. Also, you can often get free advertising by letting local newspapers know about your operation. Dead and damaged shoots should also be removed. ( ( Dusty conditions often lead to mite outbreaks. ( Christmas trees respond surprisingly well if the growing tips are snipped back regularly in late summer or autumn. Pruning a Christmas tree is a simple process once you get the hang of it. Watch your beds carefully during the spring and summer for damping-off, a fungal disease that clogs the vascular system of seedlings and makes the plants keel over and die. Kapple-Smith, Diana, A Christmas Business, Country Journal, Dec. 1980. of Natural and Cultural Resources, state of New Hampshire. ( ( ( Christmas trees are ready to harvest when theyre 6 to 8 feet tall. ( In fiscal year 2011 (Oct 2010 through Sept 2011) NAL delivered more than 100 million direct customer service transactions. ( ( ( Extn. This can be done even when frost is still in the soil at a depth of 6 inches or more. ( ( For many reasons, the cost of a real Christmas tree has been rising in recent years. What is the best time to prune a Christmas tree? Christmas trees were basal pruned (branches were removed from the lower 15 to 25 cm of the stem, i.e., handle) at heights ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 m up to 1.5 to 1.8 m tall, and were harvested 2 to 4 years later. ( Delay basal pruning until no more than 1/3 of the total foliage on the tree will be cut off to prevent excessive shock. ( Z J ( Only to be used on flat terrain. ( 8 0 obj<>stream Learn more about mature tree pruning. Last year we planted 100 Concolor firs where balsams had been harvested because a few people in our area are starting to recognize and ask for this tree. ( ( ( The modern Christmas tree, though, originated in western Germany.The main prop of a popular medieval play about Adam and Eve was a " paradise tree," a fir tree hung with apples, that represented the Garden of Eden.The Germans set up a paradise tree in their homes on December 24, the religious feast day of Adam and Eve. Second, you should cut the tree at a 45-degree angle. 1 or a U.S. No. To prune your Christmas tree, remove any upward growing stems that compete with the leader, and trim back any wayward shoots to maintain a nice even shape all round. It has always struck me as a great inconsistency to grow a plant that symbolizes life by applying poisons to that crop. ( ( He keeps the grass down by mowing with a riding lawn mower. (501)442-9824; (800)346-9140; fax (501)442-9842; e-mail: [emailprotected] ATTRA can provide a packet of information about growing Christmas trees. ( ( a balanced, symmetrical form with no gaping holes. Before cutting the tree, its essential that you check whether any permits are required. Be forewarned, though, that trees of the same species within about 400 feet of one another can cross pollinate; cross pollination can prevent the progeny from resembling the female parent. ( ( When selecting your real, farm-grown Christmas tree, do a freshness test by gently grasping a branch between your thumb and forefinger and pulling it toward you. ( Birmingham 45 minutes, Pinewood Christmas Tree Plantation ( When the cone scales are beginning to separate, its time to collect. By now these trees will be becoming home to various insects, hopefully our beneficial insects like lady birds will be keeping the pest populations to a minimum. ( ( If the top whorl has too many lateral branches (more than 8 or 10), remove the extras; the remaining ones should be evenly spaced around the trunk. This will keep the focus on the main branch. Box 3657, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72702; Steve Diver, Technical Specialist; Tel. Extn. This helps create the handle and encourages the tree to put energy into increasing the density of the remaining branches. Granger et al. His Christmas trees balsam and Fraser firs are about eight years old now and he just started cutting a few last Christmas. ( Editors usually are looking for some holiday photo ops in December. The soil is moist enough (usually quite wet) in the spring that you dont have to water your transplants in. ( Blumenstock, Bud, Grading Christmas Trees, Yankee Woodlot, Coop. ((h The most important thing to remember is that you should not prune back further . During the last year or two of pruning, youll probably have to invest in a pole pruner to reach the top laterals and the central leader. J ( ( ( If you are thinking of growing Christmas trees, Id suggest starting small that is, planting 10 acres or less, 2 acres each year for five years. ( Nordmann Firs are a popular Christmas tree choice ( ( Corrective work may have to be done for two or more seasons before the tree is shaped properly and is saleable. Proper and Timely shearing or clipping of branches stimulates new buds to form, puts additional growth on the remaining desirable branches and, in general, controls the foliage and shape so that a more dense tree results. For more information about growing a Christmas tree, visit the Michigan State University Extension site. ( Growers and Oregon State University continuously look at novel ways to improve first year planting success. This provides a good trunk area for cutting; a good handle for hauling the tree out of the plantation and putting it in a Christmas tree stand; it reduces the growth of the terminal leader a year or two after its done, helping produce a more compact tree; it encourages internodal branching and a denser tree as the tree tries to replace lost foliage by increasing the density of the remaining branches; and it makes the tree symmetrical. Artificial Christmas trees from Balsam Hill are made with synthetic materials that are non-allergenic and flame-retardant. ( ( The best time to prune deciduous trees is late winter or early spring (February, March, and early April) before they begin to leaf out. All rights reserved. The recommended length ranges from two-thirds to the full length of the leader. ( News story. Most growers use a machete to shear their trees. ( ( ( When trees are harvested, we replant in those spots the following spring. Image: Potted Christmas Tree 'Picea Perfecta' from Thompson & Morgan. It is important not to prune back more than one years growth. Some trees should receive the ultimate pruning at this time: complete removal. Our Christmas trees will be on sale from our plantation in Worcestershire from: Saturday 19 th November 2022 to Sunday 18 th December 2022. Episode 28: Christmas Trees. 5 0 obj<> ( ( ( Trees don't yet have leaves at this time of year. ( ( This technique is called "drop-crotching.". ( Kidderminster 12 minutes drive J (h( Treetopia Luxe Black Beauty 7 Foot Artificial Prelit Full Bodied Christmas Tree Holiday Decoration with White LED Lights, Premium Stand and Foot Pedal. ( Anon., Making Balsam Fir Wreaths, Yankee Woodlot Bull. Access roads can also be important in case of fire. ( (&F+1-j ( Benefits of not mowing between the trees are that goldenrods and other wildflowers were allowed to bloom, providing pollen and nectar for bees; and ground-nesting birds were given a safe home. Blumenstock, Bud, Christmas Trees Pay Off, If You Can Wait a Few Years, Yankee Woodlot, Coop. Trees can be cut right to the ground to produce a tree of maximum height and to leave no stumps over which you might trip. ( ( Our Christmas trees will be on sale from our plantation in Worcestershire from: Saturday 19th November 2022 to Sunday 18thDecember 2022, Opening times: They find these trees are hard to hang ornaments or place presents on. These people want a tree they can see through, one that will let ornaments dangle freely, Fritz told Taylor. ( Here are general recommendations regarding chemical fertilizers and lime that might be helpful in thinking about when particular nutrients are needed by Christmas trees: A pH of 6.0 can be especially beneficial for balsam firs; If you add lime to raise the pH, you may have to add a complete fertilizer or the needles may turn yellow follow soil test recommendations; Apply a high-phosphorus starter fertilizer the year after planting; Two to three years after planting, apply a balanced fertilizer every year or as needed: 1 to 3 high P&K, low N 2 to 3 oz./tree (1 Tbsp. ['on:\ 4j@ | q8 {>_Q1 !h?" => U89FwNz q@WYg} v1I($'/jK@@jg} j>:^_ .Y.hfQ 1@ '? ;N\s =? 4h ,{PjHr3@ n3?@j. These electric pruning platforms are available as a 60 or 70 cm narrow machine, ideal for narrow rows. Chickens - at least Rhode Island Reds - come in at around 56 BMR. ( ( J Di01c For more information view our full Privacy Policy. The latter is a popular tree in the mid-South. of Maine Coop. ( When pruning beneath power lines or clearing a tree from interfering with a structure, always prune back to a fork where there is a live branch at least half the diameter of the limb being removed. Revenue and Taxation OR ST Section 321.805. The classic example of aggressive pruning is rejuvenation or basal pruning. If its becoming too large for its pot then youll need to repot it using John Innes No. ( First of all, never cut directly into the collar or trunk of the tree. ( You should also bring a tape measure and your favorite saw to make sure you get the right size tree. This is quick and efficient but results in a tree that is too perfect, in my opinion. ( When trees have more than one central leader, choose the healthiest looking one and remove the others where they join the main stem. ( ( Our Scotch pine plantation got away from us, too, when I was pregnant and when my son was an infant, because I wasnt able to get to the pruning then. You can adjust all of your cookie settings by navigating the tabs on the left hand side. ( Worcester 19 minutes drive Hauge, Christy, Syd Hovde and Edward Steigerwaldt, Wisconsin Woodlands: Christmas Tree Shearing, Univ. Ever since I saw a smallish (about 3-feet-high) one sitting on a table in Kentucky, its dense greenery decorated with lace and delicate ornaments, Ive wanted to grow these as Christmas trees (and landscape ornamentals). The first shearing on a new tree will typically take place when the tree is between 2-3 feet tall (60 -100cm). (9dHc2HUz XJ}sHzh P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ @ - % P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PPPP@ P@@ P@ % P@ % P@ PP@ PP@ P@ % P@ - PP@ P@ P@@ @@ @@ % P@ @@ P@ P@ P@ PP@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PP=GAYkQ % - P@ P@ q6i-sN~j]A:&_$o+b7|7_IP Furthermore, they can grow in areas where other trees cannot. ( $15 for 8 to 10 issues. ( Basal Pruning. We have lost some central leaders, but have remedied the damage by corrective pruning: i.e., establishing a new central leader from the next whorl down the trunk. (Raising the pH to 6.0 would be better for our balsam firs and may help retain more needles.) ( 3. Whats the important on cutting your own tree. ( One publication recommends using a deflection shield so that you can mow close to trees without damaging lower branches. per tree in the 5-6 ft. class. The base of the live crown of the tree should be about two-thirds as wide as the height of the tree. Small weeds can be pulled, but larger ones can be cut so that tree seedlings arent uprooted when the weeds are removed. ( Pruning in late winter or early spring leaves the plant with a more natural shape from late spring through the end of the year. 2. When cutting the top of an evergreen tree, for example, youll create a huge pruning wound that can easily become a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. There are a few important things to remember. ( ( (( By annually trimming the terminal leader, growers can control the distance between the whorls. While pruning an evergreen tree is possible at any time of year, it is recommended to prune in the early spring and summer. ( ( In the fall (around Thanksgiving), mulch the seedlings with straw, pine needles or fir boughs to a depth of 3 or 4 inches. Eric Hinesley Layne Snelling. Z ( Soon I hope to be selling 200 trees per year a sustainable number for our 3-acre plantation and making $3000 a welcome addition to our income at Christmas time. Ninety-five percent of them survived, hed remind me later. ( You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. ( Those of you who grow fresh vegetables or other warm-season crops might be interested in generating such additional income in the off season. ( Heres how to prune your Christmas tree. height: 4px; ( ( This is where we take off the lower branches to. ( The principles and guidelines in this publication will help you master common pruning techniques. Please, before purchasing anywhere else, stop by and check out our specialized trees. The needles of this tree are very sharp they are awful to prune and the tree doesnt have the fragrance of balsam. If you have to cut into second year wood, bud formation will not be so vigorous, but if only a few branches are involved, the tree should recover eventually. Basal pruning had no effect on height. ( ( background: #ddd; ( ( Box 107, Lecompton, Kansas 66050; Tel. They need to be planted in late April and early May and are best pruned in late June and through July. ( I knew that Ralph and his wife made enough money from his trees and wreaths to pack up the day after Christmas and spend the rest of the winter in Florida, so I felt confident that I could grow my trees without chemicals, too. (Other experts cite losses of 25 to 30% due to mortality and culling even with pesticide use. Late spring frosts can kill new growth; dry summers can stunt growth; wet summers can cause foliage to turn yellow; deer can feed on the succulent green branches while mice and rabbits can gnaw the trunks; perching birds can break growing tips. ( Bare root roses at planting: To encourage the plant to concentrate on growth, prune the canes to 6 inches or less. ( On the other hand, theyre more expensive than seedlings. "It's an art," said . Balanced ratio fertilizers which utilize ureaform as one nitrogen source (such as 18-11-17) also work well. ( Trim lightly at the end of summer if required ( ( The best discussion I have seen about the nutrition of Christmas trees is Granger et al., Christmas Tree Fertilization. (See bibliography.) This usually occurs from mid-June to mid-July. In this Episode we basal prune some Balsam Fir Trees, do a little weed whacking, and then check in on the Ass Over Tree Kettle field.There's also a little ha. ( } Comis, Don, New Money-Making Options with Trees, Agricultural Research, Nov. 1997, Davenport, O.M. ( ( Service, Univ. If you notice a lot of dead branches, it may not be the right tree for your home. ( ( ( Usually, as much as one-half of the live branches can be removed by basal pruning without killing the tree. At $15 per tree, we made two or three hundred dollars each of the first two years of sales, and $705 this past year. ( We planted 1 acre that first year, another the second and a third the third year. First of all, never cut directly into the collar or trunk of the tree. (h Thinning cuts remove branches back to their points . Pinewood, Rectory Lane, ( - 5:15 pm Plant the seeds, 1 or 2 inches apart, before the soil freezes but late enough so that they wont germinate that fall. 7012, Univ. Multiple tops should be corrected by removing all but the most vigorous leader. ( ( The total cost of producing an acre of Christmas trees, including all the costs of establishing and growing costs over the 7-year planning horizon, is $6720.87. How to Cut Large Branches. ( ( ( For more advice on growing and caring for conifers, visit our conifer hub page - our dedicated resource that covers everything you need to know about planting conifers in your garden. ( ( ( 1 or U.S. per tree in the 2-3 ft. class to 4.3 lbs. ( v@@@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PP@@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PH.L{ % P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ Pu5, P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PP@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ %4S[-;m3z`u @ - P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ % g5 On the other hand, if youre going to have the general public traipsing around your land with saws and axes, youll have the added expense of liability insurance. ( ( He started N.E.C.T.S. Predator mites and Asian lady bird beetles can also be encouraged in the Northwest, he adds. ( ( say that in the Northeast, nitrogen is the element most commonly required for optimal Christmas tree growth. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br ( If you are planning to cut your own Christmas tree, its important to choose a tree with supple needles. from 0.5 lbs. If you want to collect seeds, try to find a place that has been logged and collect them from felled trees. ( The ideal seedbed will be well drained, well prepared and weed free. Z J Z (( The lateral branches of the top whorl should be cut to two-thirds the height of the pruned central leader. Leave the shade on until late September. ( We did start some seeds in a seedling bed and even ended up with about a dozen trees in the plantation to show for these efforts, but we have not pursued this delightful approach since. My husband did his best to mow the perimeter of the acre-plot and to keep the roadways mowed, but the grasses and weeds grew up around the trees in the unmowed areas. Second, you should cut the tree at a 45-degree angle. Cutting your own Christmas tree is a great way to give back to the environment and save money. I have since read that this is a viable way to get Christmas tree seedlings just as the frost is leaving the soil, since the soil is saturated with water then and the seedlings lift very easily. ( Big birds such as trumpeter swans come in at 47 while brown pelicans have a BMR of 75. We sell our trees on a cut-your-own basis, which is good because we dont have any cut trees sitting around on Dec. 26th. Christmas Trees | Watts Tree Farm Blog The total cost of producing an acre of Christmas trees, including all the costs of establishing and growing costs over the 7-year planning horizon, is $6720.87. Hill, Deborah B., Christmas Trees as an Alternative Enterprise, Forest Farmer, June 1988. :t After he had a hundred or so, hed set them out in the plantation. ( Since I disturb a nest of wasps or hornets about once a year in our tree plantation, I like to be able to run fast when necessary. Usually only the terminal twig of each lateral branch needs to be cut, and you should only cut into the current years growth. Our main problem has been with yellowing and needle cast in the fall partly a natural occurrence as second- and third-year needles are shed, but one that could be limited, I think, by better fertility, more water during August, and better control of weeds. ( ( The lateral branches of the top whorl should be cut back so they are two-thirds the height of the pruned leader. Most growers in our area spray Scotch pines for weevils, which can ruin central leaders. They will not need shade in the transplant bed but may need to be watered and fertilized periodically. They are available from Treessentials Co., Riverview Station, P.O. Bissell, Lewis, Planting Balsam Fir for Christmas Trees, Forestry Notes, Feb. 1974, Univ. ( Take one of its unopened fruit and put it in a dry paper bag. }5d3D P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ % P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PP@ P@@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ @ P@ P@ P@ PP@ @@ P@ PP@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PP@@ PP@ PP@ PP@ P@ P@ P@@ @ - % P@@ % P@ - PP@ PP@ P@ P@ P@ P@ V RY+Q - P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ @@ P@ P@ PP@ P@ P@ P@ P@ PP@ P@ P@ @@ P@ PP@ PP@ - P@ P@ P@ % PP@ PPP@@ P@ % P@ P@ P@ - P@ P@ P@ PPPP@ @ P@ P@ P@ P@@ @ P@ PPP@ - % P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ P@ ^Q:gIZZ (
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