Long-range strike, What is Commander Lancelot good at? Spain, Who was the first of Henry VIIIs children to rule England? Vienna, In Greek Mythology, what is the relationship between Zeus and Hermes? Hunt responds to this by proposing that Hannibal's Celtic guides purposefully misguided the Carthaginian general. thelfld: Which commander is nicknamed "Bow of Revolution"? His position in southern Italy, therefore, became increasingly difficult and his chance of ultimately conquering Rome grew ever more remote. The Phoenicians and Carthaginians, like many West Asian Semitic peoples, did not use hereditary surnames, but were typically distinguished from others bearing the same name using patronymics or epithets. He left a detachment of 20,000 troops to garrison the newly conquered region. Carthaginian political will was embodied in the ruling oligarchy. Napoleon Bonaparte, Which of the following commanders excels at leading archers? [69] Hannibal was tasked with building a fleet in Cilicia from scratch. Hannibal, discovering that the castle where he was living was surrounded by Roman soldiers and he could not escape, took poison. [1], In the spring of 217BC, Hannibal decided to find a more reliable base of operations farther south. So jangan pusing lagi ya! Ivan the Terrible, Which of the following is considered a metallic resource? Fagan, Garret G. "The History of Ancient Rome". Studien zu Plautus' Poenulus. Julius Caesar, Who owned everything in ancient Egyptian Kingdoms? Gnaeus Servilius and Gaius Flaminius (the new consuls of Rome) were expecting Hannibal to advance on Rome, and they took their armies to block the eastern and western routes that Hannibal could use. Terima kasih. 5, Which commander is known as Kamakuras warlord? "The Traversette rockfall: geomorphological reconstruction and importance in interpreting classical history." These two bodies came from the wealthy, commercial families of Carthage. Wealthy Patrons, Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring? to another dimension to wage war together. [19] Silius suggests a Greek origin for Imilce, but Gilbert Charles-Picard argued for a Punic heritage based on an etymology from the Semitic root m-l-k ('chief, the 'king'). The Odyssey and the Iliad: Which of the following is not an objective of Greek mythology? Submitted by: rikazzz - Comment. Healing Speed Up, How did Saladin change the Middle East? Odysseus; The Greeks, Which one of the following is not one of Hermanns skills? This was the most costly ambush that the Romans ever sustained until the Battle of Carrhae against the Parthian Empire. Hannibal Barca. [34] Stanford geoarchaeologist Patrick Hunt argues that Hannibal took the Col de Clapier mountain pass, claiming the Clapier most accurately met ancient depictions of the route: wide view of Italy, pockets of year-round snow, and a large campground. Lohar, Which of the following resources cannot be found in your jeans? Eyeballs, Before leading the biggest slave rebellion of Ancient Rome, what was Spartacus? At the end of this conversation Hannibal invited Scipio to be his guest, and Scipio replied that he would be so gladly if Hannibal were not living with Antiochus, who was held in suspicion by the Romans. Thus Hannibal continued his self-laudation, but flattered Scipio in an indirect manner by suggesting that he had conquered one who was the superior of Alexander. What two major works are attributed to homer? To this Scipio assented since he also yielded the first place to Alexander. So he laid siege to the city, which fell after eight months. Two political factions operated in Carthage: the war party, also known as the "Barcids" (Hannibal's family name), and the peace party led by Hanno II the Great. As a result, Hannibal fought no more major battles in Italy for the rest of the war. Preliminaries are on the weekdays. He writes in The Interpretation of Dreams: "Hannibal and Rome symbolized for the adolescent that I was the opposition between the tenacity of Judaism and the organizing spirit of the Catholic Church".[118]. Which commander is nicknamed carthage's guardian? 5. War of Roses, Which commander is nicknamed Carthages Guardian? Greenland, Which commander signed a peace treaty with Saladin in 1192? 1,000, Which unit strong against infantry? Polybius, The Histories of Polybius, 2 Vols., trans. Which commander is nicknamed carthage's guardian? "[50] At the same time, Hannibal tried to break the allegiance of Rome's allies by proving that Flaminius was powerless to protect them. 1192, Mutations are important because they bring about what? Hannibal's military genius was not enough to really disturb the Roman political process and the collective political and military capacity of the Roman people. P.174. Charles Martel, Where did the soldiers of Ancient Rome get their weapons and armor? A counter-invasion of North Africa, led by Roman General Scipio Africanus, forced him to return to Carthage. Spain, From the 17th to 19th centuries, the Kingdom of Prussia was mostly in which modern country Germany, Official measure Martin Luther Edict of Worms, Which was a lighthouse built after Macedonia conquered Egypt and waste of the seven wonders of the ancient world? Both De Beer and Siebert had selected the Col de la Traversette as the one most closely matching the ancient descriptions. Which of these commanders was able to defeat the great Charles in the battle? Which of the following is not an objective of Greek mythology? Thus did they, in a manner worthy of great commanders, cast aside their enmity at the end of their wars. Gaius Octavius Augustus, Unit type strong against Infantry? [27] The delegation's leader, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, demanded Carthage choose between war and peace, to which his audience replied that Rome could choose. [citation needed], Hannibal quartered his troops for the winter with the Gauls, whose support for him had abated. Irresistible, Keira once defied the worlds expectations about her in a glorious battle. [120], A marble bust, reputedly of Hannibal, originally found at the ancient city-state of, Conclusion of the Second Punic War (203201 BC), Brown, John Pairman. Livy gives us the idea that Hannibal was extremely cruel. The Romans used the attritional strategy that Fabius had taught them, which, they finally realized, was the only feasible means of defeating Hannibal. What two major works are attributed to homer? [102][103][need quotation to verify], Most of the sources available to historians about Hannibal are from Romans. Giving resources to allies. Freud then associates this phenomenon with the adage "All roads lead to Rome". Before dying, Hannibal is said to have left behind a letter declaring, "Let us relieve the Romans from the anxiety they have so long experienced, since they think it tries their patience too much to wait for an old man's death". Coca Cola, Which of the following commander excels at gathering resources? Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, was a leading Carthaginian general during the First Punic War. Michelangelo, Who was praised by his countryman as ancient Greeces best and most honest democratic representatives? [35] Other scholars have doubts, proposing that Hannibal took the easier route across Petit Mount Cenis. [83], Pliny the Elder[84] and Plutarch, in his life of Flamininus,[85] record that Hannibal's tomb was at Libyssa on the coast of the Sea of Marmara. Hannibal's troops who were lost in combat were replaced with less well-trained and motivated mercenaries from Italy or Gaul. Socrates. Cromwell, Who is considered the Father of Modern Olympic Games? The Odyssey and the Iliad, Which of the following is not an objective of Greek mythology? He was still a child when his sisters married, and his brothers-in-law were close associates during his father's struggles in the Mercenary War and the Punic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. What Hannibal achieved in extricating his army was, as Adrian Goldsworthy puts it, "a classic of ancient generalship, finding its way into nearly every historical narrative of the war and being used by later military manuals". The Roman consuls mounted another siege of Capua in 211BC, conquering the city. Which commander is nicknamed Carthage's Guardian? Tunisia's home and away kit for the 2022 FIFA World Cup was inspired by the Ksour Essef cuirass, a piece of body armor believed to be worn by Carthaginian soldiers under the command of Hannibal. Hannibal is generally regarded as one of the best military strategists and tacticians of all time, the double envelopment at Cannae an enduring legacy of tactical brilliance. Polybius merely says that he was accused of cruelty by the Romans and of avarice by the Carthaginians. 243 days, Which of the following nations is the closest to the North Pole? Iron Working, Which of the following is NOT one of Lohars skills? On hearing, however, of his brother's defeat and death at the battle of the Metaurus, he retired to Calabria, where he maintained himself for the ensuing years. This strategy was unpopular with many Romans, who believed that it was a form of cowardice. Charles I, What four words saying did Oda Nobunaga live by? Hannibal started the war without the full backing of Carthaginian oligarchy. The Carthaginian Senate responded with legal arguments observing the lack of ratification by either government for the treaty alleged to have been violated. Africa, What is the name for renewable energy derived from burning organic materials such as wood and alcohol? The combination of these events marked the end to Hannibal's success in Italy. [71] The following month Hannibal's fleet clashed with the Rhodian navy in the Battle of Side. A story of Hannibal offers a lesson to the modern world - the Guardian No such brutality stains his name as that perpetrated by Gaius Claudius Nero on the vanquished Hasdrubal. If you are still looking for help with this game we have more questions and answers for you to check. Hamilcar held Hannibal over the fire roaring in the chamber and made him swear that he would never be a friend of Rome. 1000, Which of the following is a name for sedimentary rock formed from decayed plant materiel in swampy areas? Robert Davidson, Which type of holy sites grant troop attack bonuses? The house of Hanover, Which of the seven wonders of the world were created to cure the new Queen of Babylons homesickness? Semua kunci jawaban dari pertanyaan event Peerless Scholar (Cendikiawan Sejati) Rise Of Kingdoms! Provide a path for salvation. Hannibal Barca Guide & Talent Trees | Rise of Kingdoms Guide Constance, Which commander is nicknamed the Roaring Barbarian? Spain, What can Masonry technology help you to improve? Some of the Romans, seeing a moving column of lights, were tricked into believing it was the Carthaginian army marching to escape along the heights. Tomato Juice, In which city is Denmarks statue of The Little Mermaid located? Rule With Absolute Force, Which of the following is not a reason why the renaissance began in Italy? 116 years, Which artist painted the world-famous Girl with a Pearl Earring? and more. The son may have been named Haspar or Aspar,[22] although this is disputed. [80] Cornelius Nepos[81] and Livy,[82] however, tell a different story, namely that the ex-consul Titus Quinctius Flamininus, on discovering that Hannibal was in Bithynia, went there in an embassy to demand his surrender from King Prusias. The oligarchy, not Hannibal, controlled the strategic resources of Carthage. Most recently, W. C. Mahaney has argued Col de la Traversette closest fits the records of ancient authors. The Religions, During the Renaissance, why was Florence significant? Once you have the required materials, you can go to the Commander selection tab to summon him. [13] Among the dead were Roman consul Lucius Aemilius Paullus, two consuls for the preceding year, two quaestors, 29 of the 48 military tribunes, and an additional eighty senators (at a time when the Roman Senate was composed of no more than 300 men, this constituted 25%30% of the governing body). Hannibal was the son of the great Carthaginian general . It was followed by The Risen - an account of Spartacus' slave revolution. Armies had marched towards each other, had fought in parallel order, and the conqueror had imposed terms on his opponent. Italy. Any variation from this rule consisted in ambuscades or other stratagems. Unruly Blood, The kingdom title Queen increases which of the following? Historical events that led to the defeat of Carthage during the First Punic War when his father commanded the Carthaginian Army also led Hannibal to plan the invasion of Italy by land across the Alps. Camel, Which commander was known as the Celtic Rose? 5. [12], According to Polybius, Hannibal much later said that when he came upon his father and begged to go with him, Hamilcar agreed and demanded that he swear that as long as he lived he would never be a friend of Rome. Aphrodite, Which of the following is not a characteristic of renaissance art? Cao Cao, What is Julius Caesars nickname? He then captured Clastidium, from which he drew large amounts of supplies for his men. Gathering Speed, How many bones does an adult human have? This area was practically one huge marsh, and happened to be overflowing more than usual during this particular season. He drew off 15,000 Roman soldiers, but the siege continued and Capua fell. Iran, What is the softest material known to mankind? [111][112] George S. Patton believed himself a reincarnation of Hannibalas well as of many other people, including a Roman legionary and a Napoleonic soldier. As his veterans melted away, he had to organize fresh levies on the spot. His brother's head had been cut off, carried across Italy, and tossed over the palisade of Hannibal's camp as a cold message of the iron-clad will of the Roman Republic[citation needed]. During the Rennaissance why was Florence significant. Achilles; Arrow though his heel, First created in Ancient Greece, to which profession does Hippocratic oath apply? Hannibal marched boldly around Flaminius' left flank, unable to draw him into battle by mere devastation, and effectively cut him off from Rome (thus executing the first recorded turning movement in military history). Petroleum, The Renaissance was a Rebirth of Classical Culture, Advantages of Johannes Gutenbergs printing press include all of the following except Increase in church power, Who invented the printing press? Doctors, Who instituted the Julian Calendar? Cavalry, Which unit type is strong against Cavalry? [54] The Roman legions forced their way through Hannibal's weak centre, but the Libyan mercenaries on the wings, swung around by the movement, menaced their flanks. Hannibal's chief cavalry commander, Maharbal, led the mobile Numidian cavalry on the right; they shattered the Roman cavalry opposing them. RISE OF KINGDOM PEERLESS SCHOLAR / ALLIANCE QUIZ - KangFu Master Under the Bomilcarids the island of Sicily was conquered from the Greeks and soon afterwards lost to the Romans, ending the Bomilcarids' brief stint in power. This two-pronged attack caused the Carthaginian formation to collapse. For steadfastness of purpose, for organizing capacity and a mastery of military science he has perhaps never had an equal.[109]. Which commander is nicknamed Carthage's guardian? But those same principles of war that applied to the days of Hannibal apply today."[115]. Euclid, Which of the following is a Phase of the Mightiest Governor? Mahaney et al. [45] From the start, he seems to have calculated that he would have to operate without aid from Hispania. = Provide a path for salvation 138 Which commander is nicknamed the Father of Conquest? Which commander is named death hydromel? Which of the following describes a monotheist? Finland, Which of the following is NOT one of the major greenhouse gases in earths atmosphere? Any bias attributed to Polybius, however, is more troublesome. Fabius closely followed Hannibal's path of destruction, yet still refused to let himself be drawn out of the defensive. *Artikel diupdate 26 Feb 2022, penambahan Q&A dari komentar Bananayoin. He grew up on his fathers country estate and entered military service at the tender age of 17. Byzantine Empire, Which of the following French Kings was known as the Sun King? The Battle of Cannae, The end justifies the means was a key belief of the author of The Prince. Agriculture, Which planet in our solar system rotates the fastest? [53] Once the Roman Senate resumed their consular elections in 216BC, they appointed Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus as consuls. Hannibal departed Cartagena, Spain (New Carthage) in late spring of 218BC. Sparta. Hannibal was eventually defeated at the Battle of Zama, ending the war in a Roman victory. Hannibal's vision of military affairs was derived partly from the teaching of his Greek tutors and partly from experience gained alongside his father, and it stretched over most of the Hellenistic World of his time. Hannibal's wings were composed of the Gallic and Numidian cavalry. On the Open Seas. Constantly overmatched by better soldiers, led by generals always respectable, often of great ability, he yet defied all their efforts to drive him from Italy, for half a generation. Its long-suffering citizens had captured a stranded Roman fleet in the Gulf of Tunis and stripped it of supplies, an action that aggravated the faltering negotiations. There was a Carthaginian Senate, but the real power was with the inner "Council of 30 Nobles" and the board of judges from ruling families known as the "Hundred and Four". Fabius himself was within striking distance but in this case his caution worked against him, as rightly sensing a trick he stayed put. [98] This may not be true, but as Lazenby states, "could well be, exemplifying as it does not only the supreme confidence felt by the Romans in ultimate victory, but also the way in which something like normal life continued. Scipio retreated across the Trebia to camp at Placentia with his army mostly intact. Israel and Hellas: Sacred institutions with Roman counterparts. The three great philosophers of ancient Greece were Plato, Aristotle, and? China, The Windsor knot was made popular by which king of England? When Phormio finished a discourse on the duties of a general, Hannibal was asked his opinion. Since 2011, Hannibal has appeared as one of the main characters, with Scipio Africanus, of the Ad Astra manga in which Mihachi Kagano traces the course of the Second Punic War. A fictional opera called Hannibal appears at the beginning of the musical Phantom Of The Opera. Mahaney, W.C., et al., 2009. In the meantime, the Romans hoped to gain success through sheer strength and weight of numbers, and they raised a new army of unprecedented size, estimated by some to be as large as 100,000 men, but more likely around 50,00080,000. Carthage could keep its African territory but would lose its overseas empire. Gabriel Garca Mrquez, Which official measure made it a crime to give Martin Luther food or shelter? [77] Hannibal went on to serve Prusias in this war. Terima kasih atas sumber jawaban diatas: RoK Guide, App Gamer, NewDroidTips, etc. As a result of this victory, many parts of Italy joined Hannibal's cause. This journey was originally planned by Hannibal's brother-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair, who became a Carthaginian general in the Iberian Peninsula in 229BC. [29] He fought his way through the northern tribes to the foothills of the Pyrenees, subduing the tribes through clever mountain tactics and stubborn fighting. Glorious Revolution, Which part of the brain will alcohol affect? Kingdom of Carthage (Guardians) | Alternative History | Fandom Most of India, Which musical instrument has six strings? Terimakasih! In 203BC, Hannibal was recalled from Italy by the war party in Carthage. The onslaught of Hannibal's cavalry was irresistible. Which commander is nicknamed carthage's guardian?. To hold bamboo while eating. Hannibal Barca: What two major works are attributed to homer? Healing slightly wounded units, Which of the following is NOT a suit in poker? While Carthage's powerful navy stymied Roman efforts for a while, Rome eventually gained a powerful navy and won the war by 260 BC, driving the Carthaginians off the island. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in history. This famous Latin phrase became a common expression that is often still used when a client arrives through the door or when one is faced with calamity. [13], Due to his origin and connection with the territory belonging to modern-day Tunisia, he is widely revered as a national hero in the Arab nation.[116]. Castle, What is the highest level a City Hall can reach in Rise of Kingdoms? Stephen Hawking, Who was called Napoleon of crime in some of the Sherlock Holmes stories? Hannibal had his men tie burning torches to the horns of a herd of cattle and drive them up the heights nearby. Taj Mhal, how many times is the character 1 used when you write from numbers 1 to number 99? Who won the Trojan War? Lead, Which commander was paired with Minamoto? 2000. Artiodactyla, Who was believed to be the prototype of king of hearts in poker? Historians such as Serge Lancel have questioned the reliability of the figures for the number of troops that he had when he left Hispania. He left behind a legacy in warfare which is still evident today. 7882, Sarikakis "History of the Greek Nation: Hellenistic Period" pp. Find answers for Rise of Kingdoms on AppGamer.com Fossil Fuel, Which of the following is an alternative energy source based on splitting heavy atoms into lighter ones to release energy? Fearing the possibility of an assassination attempt by his Gallic allies, Hannibal had a number of wigs made, dyed to suit the appearance of persons differing widely in age, and kept constantly changing them, so that any would-be assassins wouldn't recognize him. Fuzimiao, Homers The Iliad focuses on events happening during which war or battle? The Trojan War, Which of the following serves as the national flower of the Philippines? to express their fear or anxiety. Commander - Free Fire NickName Name Style Commander The Mughal Dynasty, Which emperor issued the Proclamation of Milan? What two major works are attributed to homer? Cato the Elder | The Roman Empire Hannibal's perilous march brought him into the Roman territory and frustrated the attempts of the enemy to fight out the main issue on foreign ground. Bartolomeu Dias, In which country was air conditioning invented? Sphynx, When is the International Day of Forests? Medicine, Chinas Temple of Heaven was built during the reign of which emperor? Wonderful as his achievements were, we must marvel the more when we take into account the grudging support he received from Carthage. Although he is by far the most famous Hannibal, when further clarification is necessary he is usually referred to as "Hannibal, son of Hamilcar", or "Hannibal the Barcid", the latter term applying to the family of his father, Hamilcar Barca. This makes the battle one of the most catastrophic defeats in the history of ancient Rome, and one of the bloodiest battles in all of human history (in terms of the number of lives lost in a single day). Both mutations and Genetic recombination. It's sort of like a mini-game on the app where you answer questions, ranging from general history of the world to trivia quizzes regarding the game itself. Napoleon Bonaparte, The process Of combining atoms is known as what? Rosetta stone. [37] Radiocarbon dating secured dates of 2168 BP or c. 218 BC, the year of Hannibal's march. It is often argued that, if Hannibal had received proper material reinforcements from Carthage, he might have succeeded with a direct attack upon Rome. Relief, Which of the following is NOT one of Matilda of Flanders' skills? Rise Of Kingdom: Peerless Scholar Questions And Answers Hannibal had now disposed of the only field force that could check his advance upon Rome, but he realized that, without siege engines, he could not hope to take the capital. apakah sobat merasa kesulitan dalam menjawabnya? Oceania, Which Ancient Greek physicist famously discovered the concept of buoyancy while taking a bath? Leading infantry units, What causes lunar eclipses? The battle resulted in a decisive Roman-Pergamene victory. As a result, the Roman army was hemmed in with no means of escape. Carthaginian Naval Warfare - World History Encyclopedia Find answers for Survivors: The Quest on AppGamer.com Someone who warships 1 god. That war could be waged by avoiding in lieu of seeking battle; that the results of a victory could be earned by attacks upon the enemy's communications, by flank-manoeuvres, by seizing positions from which safely to threaten him in case he moved, and by other devices of strategy, was not understood [However,] for the first time in the history of war, we see two contending generals avoiding each other, occupying impregnable camps on heights, marching about each other's flanks to seize cities or supplies in their rear, harassing each other with small-war, and rarely venturing on a battle which might prove a fatal disasterall with a well-conceived purpose of placing his opponent at a strategic disadvantage That it did so was due to the teaching of Hannibal. [79] Prusias agreed, but the general was determined not to fall into his enemy's hands. Julius Caesar, Which of the following is the worlds largest island? Leader of the alliance that conquers the lost temple, Renaissance painters in Flanders, as in Italy, tended to produce what type of artwork? Philip, who attempted to exploit Rome's preoccupation in Italy to conquer Illyria, now found himself under attack from several sides at once and was quickly subdued by Rome and her Greek allies. Search for more answers for Rise of Kingdoms or ask your own here. 4, Which Portuguese explorer was the first European to sail to the southern tip of Africa? Mahaney, W.C., Allen, C.C.R., Pentlavalli, P., Dirszowsky, O., Tricart, P., Keiser, L., Somelar, P., Kelleher, B., Murphy, B., Costa, P.J.M., and Julig, P., 2014, "Polybius's previous landslide: proof that Hannibal's invasion route crossed the Col de la Traversette". Hannibal Barca 136 What two major works are attributed to homer? Asia, Who was the founder of the Mongolian Empire? Minamoto no Yoshitsune, one of the greatest military commanders in Japanese History, is a powerful nuking commander in Rise of Kingdoms. In fact, they were reinforced and the campaigns there maintained until victory was secured; beginning first in Sicily under the direction of Claudius Marcellus, and later in Hispania under Scipio Africanus. [117], The teenaged Sigmund Freud regarded Hannibal as a "hero"; the founder of psychoanalysis portrays an idealized image of the Carthaginian general in his analysis of his "dreams of Rome" in The Interpretation of Dreams. Best Hannibal Barca Skills Nevertheless, the Romans grimly refused to admit the possibility of defeat and rejected all overtures for peace; they even refused to accept the ransom of prisoners after Cannae.[93]. Rat / Mouse, Which Civilization was the first to have public toilets? [46] The victory was minor, but it encouraged the Gauls and Ligurians to join the Carthaginian cause. Hannibal was a common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian personal name. Guardian? [75], According to Strabo and Plutarch, Hannibal also received hospitality at the Armenian royal court of Artaxias I. Polybius claims that Hannibal's men marched for four days and three nights "through a land that was under water", suffering terribly from fatigue and enforced want of sleep. Caesar, While Gutenberg introduced the printing press in Europe, his invention was influenced by which country, the first to develop a moveable type? Leading cavalry units, What is Commander Baybars good at? Another opportunity presented itself soon after, a Roman army of 18,000 men being destroyed by Hannibal at the first battle of Herdonia with 16,000 Romans dead, freeing Apulia from the Romans for the year. The Phantom of the Opera, France and Germany were both once part of what Kingdom? The saw. Enemy Elimination, Which of these two were created by Leonardo da Vinci? Iodine, Official measure Martin Luther Diet of Worms, Which French monarch was known as Saint Louis? 156172. [18] The Roman epic poet Silius Italicus names her as Imilce. Fortified by both Hannibal and the supplies, the Carthaginians rebuffed the treaty and Roman protests. In 259 BC a general named Hamilcar defeating the Roman in battle near to Paropus, with 3000 Italian soldiers losing their lives. His following campaign in 220 BC was against the Vaccaei to the west, where he stormed the Vaccaen strongholds of Helmantice and Arbucala. The commercial interests of the Carthaginian oligarchy dictated the reinforcement and supply of Iberia rather than Hannibal throughout the campaign. Which of the following commanders excels at leading cavalry? Add your answer [54], After Cannae, the Romans were very hesitant to confront Hannibal in pitched battle, preferring instead to weaken him by attrition, relying on their advantages of interior lines, supply, and manpower.
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