Her work is featured in PBS Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and African American Lives 1 & 2, The Africa Channel, NBCs Who Do You Think You Are?, CNNs Black in America series and SiriusXM where she created and served as co-host on African Ancestry Radio. These are very different places., Kittles acknowledges that for all its restorative promise, genetic testing has limitations. He served in these positions until 2004. Interest in public-health implications would be typical of Kittles's scholarly research. "The first thing they say is 'Tuskegee,'" referring to the infamous 40-year United States Public Health Service study in which hundreds of black men were unknowingly denied proper treatment for syphilis infections. Rick Antonius Kittles (syntynyt Sylvaniassa , Georgiassa , Yhdysvalloissa ) on yhdysvaltalainen biologi, joka on erikoistunut ihmisen genetiikkaan ja tutkimuksesta vastaava johtaja Morehouse School of Medicine -koulussa . He served in these positions until 2004. The authors examined ancestry informative markers (AIMs) to estimate the amount of population admixture and control for this heterogeneity for stage and . Its important to have a historical place of origin, he says, and Africa is a huge continentmuch larger than the U.S. Dr. As African-Americans, our connection and contact with our family members vary from tight nuclear families to large, well-kept branches and . Though usually associated with the intellectual lineage that runs from Cheikh Anta Diop (192, Cayton, Horace 19031970 Pan Afric, Raymond A. Winbush [14] Nowadays, Kittles and his team have been busy conducting genetic sequencing trials to try and find variations in genes that affect a person's response to drugs.[12]. Sampson isnt alone. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. When Kittles tested his own DNA he's the co-founder and scientific director of African Ancestry, a genealogy and DNA testing website for people of African descent he learned he was 80 percent. Ricky Kittles is 56 years old today because Ricky's birthday is on 03/16/1966. As one of the only Black geneticists, Dr. Rick Kittles wanted to create a way for Black Americans to trace their roots back to Africa. In 2003 Kittles and his business partner, Dr. Gina Paige, started their company African Ancestry. African Ancestry determines specific countries and ." Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Any genealogy researcher, however, knows that filling in one piece of an ancestry puzzle can shed light on many other parts of the puzzle. Some of the research followed traditional anthropological models: caskets were examined in search of links to traditional African practices, and the scientists learned what they could from dry bones about how these enslaved African Americans had spent their working life. Customers could choose to have either the paternal line (though the Y chromosome, the genetic marker responsible for the development of male characteristics) or the maternal line (through mitochondrial DNA) investigated; a discount was available for the pair. He locates closely related lineages for the remaining 15 percent. *Kittles, Ricky Antonius (1998). For African Americans, DNAs promise is particularly seductive. His work has been featured on BBC, PBS, CNN, CBS 60 Minutes, Ebony, NPR and USA TODAY, as well as hundreds of local and trade media across the world. degree in biology from the State University of New York at Brockport (1991) and a Ph.D. in biology from George Washington University in Washington, D.C. (1998). "This finding emphasizes the importance of ancestry in studying genetics," said study author Rick Kittles, Associate Professor in Medicine. Now for the first time in three centuries, Gates says, we can begin to reverse the Middle Passage. In 2006 he featured African Ancestry in African American Lives, a PBS documentary on black Americanssearch for their roots. "I was always the only black kid in the class. Share to Facebook. Through DNA testing, he discovered he's a descendant of the Mende people of Sierra Leone. Tory Kittles is an American actor, writer, and director who stars opposite Queen Latifah on CBS's hit series The Equalizer. After a while they withdrew to consult. Already, he had tried out his ancestry tests on a few subjects, among them his parents. dont lead to Africa at all, but to Europe. S O Y Keita, R A Kittles, C D M Royal, G E Bonney, P Furbert-Harris, G M Dunston & C N Rotimi Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA S O Y Keita If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. The two talked about science and history, and finding a sense of place. Rick Kittles, PhD Director, Division of Population Genetics, Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine Professor, Cancer Biology, GIDP Professor, Public Health Professor, Surgery rkittles@email.arizona.edu (520) 626-8003 Room Number: 4948 UA Profile Academic / Professional Bio: When he was hired by Ohio State in 2004, the Columbus Dispatch reported that he would bring to the university more than $1 million in research grants in addition to his teaching expertise. [11]Kittles is known for his work on prostate cancer but he devotes part of his time to study and research other diseases such as colon and breast cancer, sickle cell anemia, red blood cell immune response, and pulmonary hypertension. By that time, Kittles had been hired as an associate professor at the Ohio State University medical school, in the department of molecular virology, immunology, and medical genetics. Afrocentricity redirects here. Clientsresults depend, Kittles says, on the ubiquity of their genetic profiles. In fact, he delayed launching African Ancestry by one or two years while he labored to answer and accommodate his critics. Kittles says DNA offers a way to reclaim identity. A lot of folk are really into family reunions, but it stops at grandmamma or great-grandmamma. Feb 25 2023. That bothered me, not knowing more about where in Africa.". He also became codirector of the molecular-genetics unit at the universitys National Human Genome Center. Want this question answered? Sampson booked a flight after a chance meeting with a Sierra Leone native who offered to accompany him there. So when Rick Kittles, a young and ambitious geneticist at Howard University, proposed using DNA testing to pinpoint the exact region or tribe of their forebears, hundreds of blacks contacted his . In February 2008 he appeared in part 4 of African American Lives 2. Rick Antonius Kittles (born in Sylvania, Georgia, United States) is an American biologist specializing in human genetics. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"0Ev87EeWO4E_u.VbiRlJhxTuEeIgHupvKirG_G1EQrI-86400-0"}; In part because its unearthing sparked controversy among African Americans, and because the find was archaeologically significant, the burial ground got plenty of press. "Kittles, Rick Early years [ edit] accuracy and confidence. Johnson concurs, adding that DNA reveals the limitations of the very idea of race. Kittles's tests also confirmed what researchers had long suspected; around 30 percent of African Americans had European ancestors, primarily due to the rape of slave women by white slaveholders. Geneticist Rick Kittles, a professor at Ohio State University, became one of the hottest young scientific researchers in the country in the early 2000s. His collection of 10,000 samples "to me sounds pretty good," University of Chicago professor Chung-I Wu told the Chicago Tribune (as quoted by the Knight Ridder Tribune News Service). For the book, see Afrocentricity (book) Wikipedia, Historical definitions of race The historical definition of race was an immutable and distinct type or species, sharing distinct racial characteristics such as constitution, temperament, and mental abilities. "About Us," African Ancestry, Inc., www.africanancestry.com (March 1, 2005). "I would say, 'Africa'" when other students asked him about his own roots, Kittles was quoted as saying in the Seattle Times. Ebony selected the nation's top 100 African-American "power players . Rick Antonius Kittles is an American biologist specializing in human genetics and a Senior Vice President for Research at the Morehouse School of Medicine. Yet it was outside of the academic world that Kittles made headlines. The Massachusetts-born preacher, who had grown up in Boston and spent the bulk of his career behind the pulpit of Fernwood United Methodist Church on Chicagos South Side, would be coming home to a place he had never been. Addresses: Office Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, 690C Tzagournis Medical Research Facility, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210. PIONEERING RESEARCHER: Dr. Rick Kittles is Co-founder and Scientific Director of African Ancestry, Inc. I said, I have to reclaim what was taken away from me. Sampson told them he was like a tree from their forest that had been uprooted and stolen. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It was seasonably hot85 degrees or soand the streets were muddy. Beginning in 1998, as he was completing his Ph.D. at George Washington University, Kittles was hired as an assistant professor of microbiology at Howard University in Washington, D.C., and also named director of the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study Network at the university's National Human Genome Center. Were showing that nobodys pure. Besides the 35 percent of African Americans who discover European genes in their pastand the disparate tribes whose DNA may also be mixed inAfrican Ancestry sometimes confirms white clientsbeliefs about African forebears. His parentsDNA, however, revealed links to the Hausa people of northern Nigeria, the Ibo of eastern Nigeria, and the Mandinka of Senegal. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Shes often a go-to resource for African Diaspora communities including the Embassies of Cameroon and Ghana; The Year of Return 2019 event From Jamestown to Jamestown with the NAACP; Back2Africa Festival in Cape Coast and various African tourism authorities and leaders. Since that first journey to Lunsar, he has made several trips back, as do many who trace their roots to Africa, and hes added his Temne name to his business card, just above the line that reads, Ordained by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Sampsons congregation is starting an adoption program for Lunsars orphansIm always concerned about orphanages, he says, not least because I could have grown up in oneand this year he plans to bring over a few generators to power the villages schools. //]]>. If you want to measure biology and genotypes, say so, he says. He was looking for prominent African Americans to be guinea pigs, and unbeknownst to him, I had been interested more than interested, obsessed with my own family tree since I was 9 years old. Columbus Dispatch, March 18, 2004, p. B1. Several thousand ethnic groups exist throughout the continent, sometimes as many as 20 or 30 in a single country, and African Ancestry consults with anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, and linguists to put the data into context and account for the influences that wars or migrations or famines might have had on present-day AfricansDNA. He took on a partner, Washington businesswoman Gina Paige, to handle the financial side of African Ancestry, taking the title of Scientific Director for himself. But 15 years ago, when he first embarked on his database research, he says, I was interested in exploring genetic variation in Africa, where DNA diversity is broader and richer than anywhere else on the globe. Kittles offered his customers a glimpse into their specific African ancestries, pinpointing an actual African ethnic group to which one or two of the customer's ancestors had belonged. Kittles himself found German ancestry on his father's side and identified a Portuguese forbear in Paige's background, and he observed that his own research, as well as other work showing the frequency of African ancestry among Europeans and European Americans, further weakened the idea of race as a scientific category. Aug 2, 2022. msm.edu . MEDIA RESOURCE: Paige has been featured in hundreds of media outlets including The Breakfast Club, Hot 97-FM, Time Magazine, USA Today, 60 Minutes, NewsOne Now with Roland Martin, HuffPost Live with Marc Lamont Hill, The Joe Madison Show, Sister Circle Live, Essence Magazine, The New York Times, The Tom Joyner Morning Show, FOX Business News, Reuters, New York Times, Canal Media Company, Black Enterprise, Ebony, NPR, Metro Source Urban Radio, American Urban Radio Networks, The Grio.com and TheRoot.com among many others. Kittles ran into trouble with the government funders who had underwritten the African Burial Ground research as he moved toward profit-making enterprises, and he parted ways with his former associate Michael Blakey in a disagreement over the new project's aims. [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/science_dna2.html] On October 7, 2007 he was featured on the American TV newsmagazine "60 Minutes". He is a four-time Pro Bowler and was a First-team All-Pro in 2019. The elders listened. He matches them to corresponding markers from his database. BLS 1003 The Concept of Race. Until this past November, when Gates introduced his own company, AfricanDNA, Kittless was the only genetic-testing lab set up specifically to find AmericansAfrican roots, and he became a focal point for scholarsdiscomfort not only with the technologys accuracy, but also its implications. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/kittles-rick. The path that led to the founding of African Ancestry was complicated and not without controversy, but Kittles found that his research often fed into the deep interest in African-American genealogy that had been awakened by the publication of Alex Haley's book Roots in the 1970s. (Photo: Bob Demers/UANews) Ever since he can remember, Rick Kittles always wanted to know where he came from. He grew up in Central Islip, New York. He played college football at Iowa, and was drafted by the 49ers in the fifth round of the 2017 NFL Draft. Dr. Rick Kittles,former Director of the Institute of Human Genetics at the University of Illinois at Chicago, investigates the genetics of complex diseases that disproportionately impact people of color. South Africa? Rick Kittles, Ph.D., is Professor and founding director of the Division of Health Equities within the Department of Population Sciences at the City of Hope (COH). Compiling data gathered by other researchers, he amassed a large enough sample of African DNA to pass muster with other scientists. Kittles attended the Rochester Institute of Technology in upstate New York as an undergraduate, earning a biology degree there in 1989. Anthropologists pored over the caskets, finding signs of ancient African rituals in the toys and tools buried with the dead, the coins placed in their hands. * [http://www.osu.edu/diversity/txt/spring_04_txt.html Article about Rick Kittles] * [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/science_dna2.html "African American Lives"] * [http://www.africanancestry.com/ African Ancestry Inc.] * [http://medicine.uchicago.edu/faculty_profile/faculty_profile.asp?empl_id=9960 Rick Kittles page] from The University of Chicago Department of Medicine* [http://biography.jrank.org/pages/2621/Kittles-Rick-Directed-Prostate-Cancer-Study.html Rick Kittles biography] * [http://archive.salon.com/health/feature/2000/05/12/roots/index.html Salon article] * [http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=338820 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel article], Race (classification of humans) Race Classification Race (classification of humans) Genetics Wikipedia, Africoid peoples are human populations of varying phenotypes who are considered black regardless of recent African ancestry..Rashidi, Runoko. But our history didnt start with slavery; we came through slavery. Volume 51 : profiles from the international Black community Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Currently, he is Professor and Founding Director of the Division of Health Equities within the Department of Population Sciences at City of Hope. ntaylor@africanancestry.com. He has previously held positions at Howard University (19982004), Ohio State University (20042006), the University of Chicago (20062010), the University of Illinois Chicago (20102014), the University of Arizona (20142017), and the City of Hope National Medical Center (20172022).[1][2][3][4][5][6]. His company, African Ancestry, Inc., used his expertise in genetic testing to put African Americans, from celebrities to ordinary genealogy buffs, in touch with their roots in a way that Americans of European descent took for granted but that a displaced and enslaved people had mostly only dreamed of. Kittles took on the role of scientific director. Career: Various New York and Washington, DC, area high schools, teacher, early 1990s; Howard University, Washington, DC, assistant professor and director of National Human Genome Center African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study Network, 1998-2004; African Burial Ground Project, New York City, researcher; African Ancestry, Inc., founding partner (with Gina Paige) and scientific director, 2002; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, associate professor, 2004. Color?, Sampson now finds himself thinking less about race and more about ancestry. "I was always the only black kid in the class. ", Brief BiographiesBiographies: Dan Jacobson Biography - Dan Jacobson comments: to Barbara Knutson (19592005) Biography - Personal, Copyright 2023 Web Solutions LLC. "I used to always wonder in school why everybody looks different," Kittles told Alice Thomas of the Columbus Dispatch. Dr. Kittles is well known for his research of prostate cancer and health disparities among African . Terms of Use, Jo S(usenbach) Kittinger (1955-) Biography - Writings, Sidelights - Personal, Addresses, Career, Member, Work in Progress, Rick Kittles - Concocted African Ancestry, Rick Kittles - Directed Prostate Cancer Study, Rick Kittles - Callers Jammed Howard Switchboard, Rick Kittles - Attracted Celebrity Customers. Kittles does this using tests that examine two components of the genome that remain essentially unchanged from one generation to the next: mitochondrial DNA, a maternally inherited genetic strand found outside the cell nucleus and separate from other genes; and the Y-chromosome, which passes from father to son. Sometimes DNA companies fail to account for ethnic migrations or gene flow between populations, or the fact that a clients ancestor may have been a genetic outlier. Web www.africanancestry.com. Washington, D.C.: George Washington University. He is also Associate Director of Health Equities of COH Comprehensive Cancer Center. Rick Antonius Kittles was born in 1976(?) Already, he had tried out his ancestry tests on a few subjects, among them his parents. Share to Twitter. When they emerged, they bestowed the name Pa Sorie Kamara. Pa indicates an elder; Kamara associates Sampson with a particular house. Where did rick kittles go to school? Rick Antonius Kittles (roen u Sylvaniji , Dordija , Sjedinjene Drave ) je ameriki biolog specijaliziran za ljudsku genetiku i vii potpredsjednik za istraivanje na Medicinskom fakultetu Morehouse . Reporters called; ordinary people wrote to ask about being tested. When word of his efforts leaked out, Howard found its switchboard jammed with calls from reporters and from ordinary African Americans who wanted to know how they could sign up to be tested. CO-FOUNDER & SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR, AFRICAN ANCESTRY, INC. INDUSTRY PIONEER, LEADING GENETICIST, ENTREPRENEUR, SPEAKE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: SENEGAL, NIGERIA TRIBES: MANDINKA AND HAUSA PIONEERING RESEARCHER: Dr. Rick Kittles is Co-founder and Scientific Director of African Ancestry, Inc. Washington Business Forward, August 2001. Born 1976(?) Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Get stories & special offers from Dr. Gina Paige and Guests. When you say African American,are you talking about Kenya? This led, as mentioned in the biography section, him to co-found the company African Ancestry Inc., which set out to be the leading advocate for tracing the ancestry of individuals with African descent. Be notified when an answer is posted. But he gravitated toward subjects with broad social importance, and his eventual scholarly specialties were all hot topics: prostate cancer and its underlying causes, the relationship between genetics and disease prevalence more generally, and the validity (or lack of validity) of the concept of race. I saw it as a way of trying to put water on our flame, Sampson says. in Sylvania, Georgia, in an area his family had inhabited for several generations, but he grew up in Central Islip, New York, on Long Island outside of New York City. Customers, who were often able to put Kittles's results together with bits of family oral history to fill in blanks in their family trees, had strong emotional responses to what they learned from African Ancestry's tests. Founded in 1913, City of Hope is a leader in bone marrow transplantation and immunotherapy such as CAR T cell therapy. Hes planning a trip there this year. He also served as Co-Director of Molecular Genetics in the National Human Genome Center at Howard University. He is also Associate Director of health equities in the Comprehensive Cancer Center. Others are looking for an ancestor from a particular African tribe. Rick Kittles, PhD - Dec. 15, 2010 TEDxNorthwesternU: Identity, Democracy After Anatomy Alice Dreger, PhD - Dec. 15, 2010 The Biologic Basis of Obesity Jeffrey Friedman, MD, PhD - Oct. 13, 2010 From Reading to Writing Life Code Juan Enriquez, PhD - Nov. 4, 2009 Personal Genomes and Web 2.0 Volunteerism George Church, PhD - May 12, 2009 Scoops about Morehouse College . to improve the cultural, emotional, physical, spiritual and economic wellbeing of people across the African Diaspora. The information provided a sense of belonging that Davidson previously lacked. DeAnna Taylor May 28, 2019. Kittles discusses why using race in biomedical studies is problematic using examples from U.S. groups which transcend "racial" boundaries and bear the burden of health disparities. After the media attention on the genetics of the project started to erupt, Kittles says, many folks were like, If you can do that for the bones of dead people, you should be able to do it for me.. You hit a wall in the antebellum South. Young African Americans grow up with the debilitating idea that their history begins with slavery. He started collaborating with researchers at clinics and hospitals across Africa, who sent him genetic data volunteered by indigenous patients. Rick Antonius Kittles (lahir di Sylvania , Georgia , Amerika Serikat ) adalah seorang ahli biologi Amerika yang berspesialisasi dalam genetika manusia dan Wakil Presiden Senior untuk Riset di Morehouse School of Medicine . These races were not conceived as being related with each other, but Wikipedia, African American Lives is a PBS television miniseries hosted by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. focusing on African American genealogical research. LEADING GENETICIST: Dr. Kittles is very active in the field of human genetics and genetic anthropology, particularly as it relates to complex disease and health disparities in African Americans. [14] Kittles has also been a part of many cutting edge developments including the progress of genetic markers and how an individuals ancestry can be used to help identify risk of disease and health outcomes. Recognize how and why race is a social and political construct and its current function in society. Then he adds, I know that if I wasnt who I was in that little village of Lunsar, they wouldnt have given me no name.. Dr. Kittles research interests explore DNA, family history, and disease. In the age of DNA screening, centuries-old rumors about plantation owners siring children with their female slaves have become, he says, verifiable fact. That DNA flows through the entire family, Sampson says. Previous to Ricky's current city of Pasadena, CA, Ricky Kittles lived in Tucson AZ. UA researcher Rick Kittles is a national leader on health disparities and the role of genes and environment in disease. Waldo Johnson, associate professor at the School of Social Service Administration and director of the Universitys Center for the Study of Race, Politics, and Culture, disagrees. I mean, were talking about a very small part of your DNA, he says, less than 0.01 percent. The thinnest shred of genetic material0.1 percentaccounts for the entire spectrum of human variation; the other 99.9 percent of the genomes 3 billion nucleotides are identical from person to person. ", By the time he reached his teenage years, Kittles found his curiosity intensifying as his white classmates began to identify more strongly with European ethnic groups. . [10], Kittles was one of the earliest geneticists to trace the ancestry of Africans through DNA testing. There was so much variation, and I realized we could tell something about maternal ancestry by looking at this data, he says. But that fraction of a percentage of DNA is more than what we had, Kittles says. Theyve got all these diamonds, but theres so much exploitation., Sampson has read the critical press about Kittless work. Seattle Times, May 30, 2000, p. A1; April 25, 2003, p. A7. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "Rick A. Kittles," Ohio State University Medical School, http://cancergenetics.med.ohio-state.edu/2749.cfm (March 1, 2005). The Global African Community. He is also known for appearing in films and TV series like Malibu's Most Wanted (2003), Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005), Next (2007), Miracle at St. Anna (2008) among others. Eleven million people watched as celebrities such as Oprah Winfrey, Quincy Jones, and Chris Tucker submitted their DNA for the companys analysis. [http://medicine.uchicago.edu/faculty_profile/faculty_profile.asp?empl_id=9960]. Dr. Kittles has published more than 240 research articles in addition to winning numerous awards and accolades. Recognize how race is still used in medicine, and "pros" and "cons" to using race as a social identifier. Kittles says he expects the price to fall as demand rises, but Harvards Gates puts the issue into perspective this way: Many people buy shoes that cost $250 or more, he says. Founded in 2003 by Dr. Rick Kittles and Gina Paige, African Ancestry is the world leader in tracing maternal and paternal lineages of Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Dr. Rick Kittles is a geneticist and director of the division of health equities at City of Hope, a private hospital, graduate medical school and research center in Duarte, California. The whole countryside, he says, is basically without electricity. Your result is not based on a single data point, says Paige, noting that African Ancestry has performed some 12,000 tests to date, a figure she says translates into genealogical information for more than 50,000 people. Beginning in 2004, he served as an associate professor in the Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics at the Tzagournis Medical Research Facility of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. [http://www.physanth.org/positions/race.html AAPA Statement on Biological Aspects of Wikipedia, Shomarka Keita Shomarka Omar Sundiata Yahye (S.O.Y.) Sampson met with Lunsars 40 elders, all but one of them men, and all Muslim, save one Christian. My seats been vacant. He also asked them for a Temne name. Kittless own Y-chromosome test turned up a result in Germany. As a pilot project, they began to gather genetic material from Boston-area school children. I told them, Five hundred years ago my DNA was removed from here by slave traders and taken to America, so Im coming back for my seat, Sampson recalls. In 1998 he was hired at Howard Unviersity as an assistant professor of microbiology and named director of the AAHPC (African American Heredity Prostate Cancer) Study Network. Rick Antonius Kittles (born in Sylvania, Georgia, United States) is an American biologist specializing in human genetics and a Senior Vice President for Research at the Morehouse School of Medicine. Kittles and his associates hoped that a project carried out mostly by African American researchers might break down these walls of mistrust. He was a nationally recognized investigator whose specialties encompassed such vital topics as prostate cancer and the role of genetics in disease. He also investigated interactions between melanin and prescription drugs, and between melanin and illicit drugs such as cocaine. Education: Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, BS, biology, 1989; George Washington University, PhD, biological sciences, 1998. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/kittles-rick, "Kittles, Rick [http://saxakali.com/Saxakali Wikipedia, Race (classification of human beings) The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing humans into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of characteristics. [1] He is of African-American ancestry, and achieved renown in the 1990s for his pioneering work in tracing the ancestry of African Americans via DNA testing. When he was young he hoped to become a rap musician, but he was curious from the start about human origins and differences.
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