Based on this situation, temporary measures such as immigration inspections have been implemented since December 30, 2022 to avoid a sharp increase in the inflow of COVID-19 into Japan, and flexible responses will be taken while monitoring the infection situation in China. In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. Escherichia urinary tract infection and Peak expiratory flow rate sporadic an event that occurs infrequently and irregularly. study, cohort an observational analytic study in which enrollment is based on status of exposure to a certain factor or membership in a certain group. One moose, two moose. Some types of HPV infection cause warts, and some can cause different types of cancer. transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. Epidemics of Omicron and influenza have both contributed to those high mortality levels in late 2022. thesaurus. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impelled many countries all over the world to institute sweeping measures to help reduce infection rates and ultimately its utter elimination. It is updated regularly. Despite the availability of vaccines, infection rates remain high due to immune evasive Omicron sublineages. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. Synonyms for Infection Rates (other words and phrases for Infection Rates). alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. mean, geometric the mean, or average, of a set of data measured on a logarithmic scale. What is another word for infectious - WordHippo epidemiology, field applied epidemiology (i.e., the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems), particularly when the epidemiologist(s) must travel to and work in the community in which the health problem is occurring or has occurred. Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. We were delighted, or at any rate satisfied, with the results. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. 2. . hyperendemic the constant presence at high incidence and prevalence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). incidence of disease. Organ transplant recipients had the highest rate of breakthrough infections. surveillance, syndromic (1) the monitoring of the frequency of illnesses with a specified set of clinical features among a given population without regard to the specific diagnoses, if any, that are assigned to them by clinicians. mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. Case-control studies are inherently retrospective. The key differences between two common pathogens. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. people that rate special treatment; an idea that rates attention. interquartile range a measure of spread representing the middle 50% of the observations, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (75th percentile) and the first quartile (25th percentile). [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). In other words, Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. normal curve the bell-shaped curve that results when a normal distribution is graphed. standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. Incidence rate is calculated as the number of new cases over a specified period divided either by the average population (usually mid-period) or by the cumulative person-time the population was at risk. {\displaystyle \lambda } The rate at which hair grows can be agonisingly slow. common-source outbreak see outbreak, common-source. EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). The speed at which the cells settle depends on how many red blood cells clump together. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. In this case, phrases. medical surveillance see surveillance, medical. Delivered to your inbox! Infection rate | definition of infection rate by Medical dictionary HPV infection is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). proportion, attributable a measure of the impact of a causative factor on the public health; the proportion of a health state or event among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure also called attributable risk percent. fomite an inanimate object that can be the vehicle for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). The number of fetal deaths per 1000 live births, usually per year. Infection rate - definition of infection rate by The Free Dictionary birth rate, crude the number of live births during a specified period divided by the mid-period population, usually expressed per 1,000 population. An example of a rate is: 1 HAI per 10,000 patient days in Hospital X in 2009. indirect transmission see transmission, indirect. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. health a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or other infirmity. . Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. The rate of utilization of energy. Payday lending is an established form of lending in the US and Canada. 35 Words and Phrases for Infection Rate - Power Thesaurus The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses a logarithmic scale. Each cause of death is expressed as a percentage of all deaths, and the sum of the proportionate mortality for all causes must equal 100%. epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. Outbreak A sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. x-axis the horizontal axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the independent variable (e.g., time). Hongkong hebt nach drei Jahren strenge Maskenpflicht auf Goals: To have real experience in implementing Care of Newborn . a performance that didn't rate very high. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. to estimate the value or worth of; appraise: to rate a student's class performance. We used mRNA display under a reprogrammed genetic code to find a spike-targeting macrocyclic peptide that . The rate at which an individual, tissue, or organ grows over time. host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). trial, randomized clinical a clinical trial in which persons are randomly assigned to exposure or treatment groups. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. passive surveillance see surveillance, passive. chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. propagated outbreak see outbreak, propagated. bar chart, deviation a bar chart displaying either positive or negative differences from a baseline. box plot a visual display that summarizes data by using a box and whiskers format to indicate the minimum and maximum values (ends of the whiskers), interquartile range (length of the box), and median (line through the box). analytic epidemiology see epidemiology, analytic. 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. Infant mortality rate is a universally accepted indicator of the health of a nations population and the adequacy of its health-care system. Q. I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage. study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. NCHS The National Center for Health Statistics, the US governmental organization responsible for national vital statistics and multiple national health surveys. Sometimes distinguished from an epidemic as more localized, or the term less likely to evoke public panic (see also epidemic). In calculating neonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births reported during the same period. Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease, Mathematical modelling of infectious disease, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_of_infection&oldid=1142548282, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:24. vector a living intermediary that carries an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission, biologic and transmission, mechanical) (e.g., mosquitoes, fleas, or ticks). Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. {\displaystyle \beta } variable (or data), discrete a variable that is limited to a finite number of values; data for such a variable. immunity, herd the resistance to an infectious agent of an entire group or community (and, in particular, protection of susceptible persons) as a result of a substantial proportion of the population being immune to the agent. For example, the 5th percentile is a cut point with 5% of the observations below it and the remaining 95% above it. What does Infection Control mean? - definitions effectiveness the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results in the field. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. attribute a risk factor that is an intrinsic characteristic of the individual person, animal, plant, or other type of organism under study (e.g., genetic susceptibility, age, sex, breed, weight). Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. Etiology Toxoplasmosis Caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite Horizontal transmission: Exposure to contaminated cat feces Eating infected raw meat Vertical transmission: It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. if this or if that is the case; if this or if that continues. Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. mortality rate a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a specified time interval. semilogarithmic-scale line graph see line graph, semilogarithmic-scale. 2019 National HIV Surveillance System Reports | NCHHSTP | CDC The number of births per year per 1000 women between ages 15 and 44 in a given population. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. To save this word, you'll need to log in. rate of prevalence. antonyms. person-time rate the incidence rate calculated as the number of new cases among a population divided by the cumulative person-time of that population, usually expressed as the number of events per persons per unit of time. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way (see also outbreak). The maximum rate of exhalation during a forced expiration, measured in liters per second or liters per minute. graph a visual display of quantitative data arranged on a system of coordinates. ERIC - EJ1114894 - Ranking of the Ecological Disaster Areas According dot plot a visual display of the specific data points of a variable. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period. A You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). Mucopolysaccharidosis type II - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare applied epidemiology see epidemiology, applied. scale, interval a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are measured on a scale of equally spaced units, but without a true zero point (e.g., date of birth). bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. infection rates. pie chart a circular graph of a frequency distribution in which each segment of the pie is proportional in size to the frequency of corresponding category. In epidemiology, does not imply intentional deviation. DEVASTATING (repost) Australian NSW data showing the quadrupled COVID Infected synonyms | Best 28 synonyms for infected - YourDictionary experimental study see study, experimental. 10 Words and Phrases for Infection Rates - Power Thesaurus healthy worker effect the observation that employed persons generally have lower mortality rates than the general population, because persons with severe, disabling disease (who have higher mortality rates) tend to be excluded from the workforce. He says that he isn't sure whether we'll be allowed to finish, but at that rate we might as well not start. infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage; I know that over some years, damage occurs, but does anything happen after a month of drinking on weekends? Synonyms for Infection rates. rate (redirected from infection rate) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia . What is another word for infection - WordHippo Go Above And Beyond With This Prepositions Quiz! Track the global spread of coronavirus with maps and updates on cases and deaths around the world. A confirmed case is "a person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection" as the World Health Organization (WHO) explains. Infection. Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/infection. Prostadine is a natural dietary supplement that uses an advanced prostate complex formula to boost prostate gland health. mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). In epidemiology, the data are usually summaries of the frequency of occurrence of an event or characteristic occurring among different groups. evaluation systematic and objective examination of activities to determine their relevance, effectiveness, and impact. Similar words for Infection rate. comparison group a group in an analytic study (e.g., a cohort or case-control study) with whom the primary group of interest (exposed group in a cohort study or case-patients in a case-control study) is compared. immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses), Post more words for infection to Facebook, Share more words for infection on Twitter.
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