(Associated Press). These members expressed their concern, similar to those leveraged by Sandoval in his 24-page letter, that the state used Sandoval as a Mexican American scapegoat for the corruption and problems occurring in the prison system as they became visible to the public during a tumultuous period following Texas prison reform. [2] The Syndicate is the oldest Texan prison gang. By John Dorney. F or many on both sides of the Irish Sea, the killing of 14 unarmed civil rights demonstrators by members of the British army's Parachute Regiment on Bloody Sunday in 1972 remains the defining . He convened a meeting at which members voted to have Arredondo killed, according to prosecutor Tuck Tucker (Fair, 1991). The Albanians are too violent and too unpredictable." Unbeknownst to Sandoval, he was entering as a prison guard during a transitional period from 1979-1986 for the TDC dubbed a Broken System, as many court cases had upended the autonomous power of the prison administration during this period. The Mexican Mafia for example, was formed in 1957 in the Deuel Vocational Institution in Tracy, California and is one of the earliest formed prison gangs to still exist, and continues to exhibit power inside and outside prisons. A week later another juror wrote Sandoval a four-page letter, expressing her chagrin that he had been put through all the agony (Draper, 1991). Southern Albanian groups also have good relationships with Sicilys Cosa Nostra "The Albanian criminals were special from the beginning," said Francesca Marcelli, an organized-crime investigator for the Italian government. Kapllan Murat : Belgium's most notorious mobster. After his short stop off at Conroe, they made their way to Huntsville, the capital of the Texas Department of Corrections, and since 1989 known as the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. (El Paso Times) Arredondo had been ineffective for the prison gang, and failed them on several occasions. Sandovals case was unique as the only guard to be charged with a homicide at this point, but other guards were charged with other crimes. State identity also occurred as a form of othering by the California prison gangs which did not extend membership to non-Californios. This case began in the early 1970s through the efforts of an inmate writ-writer named David Resendez Ruz and ultimately exposed the unconstitutionality of the Texas prison system. Thirteen people were shot dead and at least 15 others injured when members of the Army's Parachute Regiment opened fire on civil rights demonstrators in the Bogside - a predominantly Catholic part. Theyre difficult to infiltrate. Were just now catching up with Albanian organized crime, he says. Loaded on March 15, 2003 by C.C. The Albanian mafia in Brussels has monopoly over activities such as "narcotics and arms deals" according to Belgian sources. It was the recently formed arm of the TDCJ that investigated Sandovals involvement in the murder. Caught with at least $125 million in heroin, Lika issued a $400,000 contract on the prosecutor Alan Cohen and the detective Jack Delemore, both placed under protective custody. Membership was tied to their regional home state and in this case trumped ethnicity as the only restriction towards membership. Sandoval was eventually found not guilty on May 29, 1991 after jurors deliberated for only approximately half an hour. They have been reported in the Federal Correctional Institute at Oakdale, Louisiana, and in San Quentin, California, with frequency. When the task was not accepted or completed by a member, then they were green lit which meant they became a target within their own prison gang because they refused to follow orders (Riggs, 2011). Perez was found stabbed approximately fifteen times in his upper torso and back (Graczyk, 1985). Bloody Sunday in Derry, January 30 . ), 1997), In 1990, the Mexikanemi and Texas Syndicate agree on a truce. On Monday [June 24], at eight in the morning, Sandoval reported for duty at the Ellis I training academy in Huntsville (Draper, 1991) where he eventually secured employment with the TDC as a prison guard after completing several weeks of mandatory training. In Liberty City the Albanian mob holds a stronghold in the Little Bay section of Bohan. He largely failed in attempts to procure streams of revenue, namely from drug trafficking for the Texas Syndicate. Believed by MI6 to be Albanian, Le Chiffre is banker to the world's terrorist organizations. South Texas Syndicate in La Salle County, TX. His neck had been slashed; his head was all but severed. The story arc "The Slavers" of the adult-oriented Marvel comic The Punisher: Frank Castle deals with Albanian criminals engaged in human trafficking. The guard or staff member is now confronted with facing possible repercussions from prison administrators. Derry, Northern Ireland, on Jan. 30, 1972. And while Sandoval was acquitted, his criminal proceeding unleashed denunciation. On March 7, 1965, police, state troopers, and a citizen " posse " violently attacked civil rights marchers attempting to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, United States. In " We Own the Night "; A final drug transaction is made with the Albanian Mafia. The issues of guards becoming corrupted continued and continues well into the 2010s. So, I started realizing that if I did that I was going to stay here a lot longer, so I started thinking about my family and the world [and realized] they need me more than the family I was here with in this game (Riggs, 2011). New employment opportunities were too good to pass up for Sandoval and broadly speaking, for Mexican Americans. (Associated Press), On Austin July 2, 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder female TS associate Jove Rios for conducting business with the Mexikanemi. The larger pool of applicants paved the way for many new minority employees such as Mexican Americans to join the staff of the Texas prison system. In the early 1960s, Anthony Salerno became one of the most powerful capos in the family. Texas Syndicate (TS) is a violent prison gang that originated in the California penal system over 40 years ago. However, they still maintain their headquarters in California, where their national president resides, and their numbers continue to reach into state and federal prisons across the US. Albanian mobsters Rexho and Luan feature in the Danish crime film Pusher III . Photographer Helped Expose Brutality Of Selma's 'Bloody Sunday' : Code Switch Some of the most iconic images of marchers being attacked by Alabama state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in . Coppola's policy racket Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola, was a top lieutenant in the 116th Street crew of Ciro Terranova. Stamps are also a form of currency within prisons. But, soon after the murder of Joe Arredondo, Sandoval was charged with the crime and inmates who were allegedly present provided corroborating details. While Sandoval hid from authorities prior to the trial he wrote and sent a 24-page letter to his mother Delia Sandoval, whom he asked to then send it to members of the media. The Texas Syndicate's activities include drug trafficking, extortion, prostitution, protection, gambling, and contract murder. The day began with an IRA operation, organised by Michael Collins' Intelligence . This marriage took place only after Sandoval was able to attain job security with the Texas Department of Corrections as a correctional officer in Huntsville. TDC guard indicted in 1986 slaying of inmate. Houston Chronicle. "The road for arms and people, meaning illegal immigrants destined for Europe, is in Albanian hands." Building tenders were inmates who were tasked with monitoring and ultimately controlling the rest of the inmate population. Hispanic guards, he said, were either coerced into quitting or found doing something wrong. He also stated supervisors treated inmates like animals (Draper, 1991). Bloody Sunday, 21 st November 1920 In 1920 the War of Independence was ongoing in Ireland. Correspondingly, Vasquez, Garcia, and Carrillo who were the earlier victims were all incarcerated for robbery or burglary convictions. Prosecutors announced they were pursuing criminal charges against two British soldiers who took part in the Bloody Sunday. Blacks had a virtual non-existent population in Alice, and the greater South Texas region for that matter. There are a lot of ways they can get you in trouble (McKay, 1991). (El Paso Times), On August 17, 1997, Texas Syndicate members murder Gerardo Garcia in the El Paso County Jail. members in prisons and jails state-wide, with many more on the outside. The prosecution of Sandoval occurred through a new development in the Texas prison system. In Albania alone there are over 15 mafia families or clans that control organized crime. This allowed the Sicilian to maintain dominance and control over New York City and the remaining Camorra gangs joined forces with Sicilian gangs. In the American TV show " No Ordinary Family " episode "No-Ordinary Mobster" deals with the main character attempting to stop violent Albanian Mobsters. Thus, in many areas of Italy, the market for cannabis, prostitution, and smuggling is run mainly by Albanians. * Overlapping "TS", or an "S" superimposed over a "T", * longhorn steer horns, or any figure with horns, Criminal activities: Palma Boys crew. This group has lacked examination within the frameworks of mass incarceration scholarship, even as these studies continue to exponentially grow. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1984, the Texas Syndicate declares war on the Mexikanemi. (Associated Press), In July 2007, police find the burned body of a Marcelino Mars Torres in Hidalgo County. He crossed into Mexico into Cuidad Juarez and allegedly stayed with an uncle there. The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. Eventually we found out that "Eulinda" had already transferred 150 million dollars to Kosovo for "humanitarian purposes", says Bruckert. A former Texas Mexican Mafia member, Joe Morales, explained this process of escalation. Familiarity was both good and bad. App. The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. Their options were either possibly losing their job, or continue assisting the inmates and they would remain silent. Another important factor was the hiring of many people of color and women to work for the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). Bloody Sunday proved to be a turning point in the civil rights movement that led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. (Gang Intelligence 101), In June of 1997, the Texas Syndicate and Mexicles gang settle on a truce. (Hernandez v. Johnson, 108 F.3d 554 (C.A.5 (Tex. Two Texas Syndicate gang members were sentenced today to a combined 50 years in prison for drug trafficking in Lubbock, announced U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas Erin Nealy Cox. Alfred Shkurti (also known as Aldo Bare): The boss of one of the most notorious criminal syndicates in Albania known as the Banda e Lushnjs (The Lushnja Gang). However, Sandoval later recanted the statements he made to Draper concerning these acts. Bloody Sunday happened at the very beginning of 1972, which proved to be horrendous - the worst year of the Troubles, with almost 500 people killed. However, after the disturbance was quelled, in an adjacent room, Leonel Perezs body was found. The first generation Albanians have a tendency to be more violent than American-born syndicates, claims Hall. Italy Albanian emigrants started arriving at Italian ports in 1991. Sandoval may have seen these interactions as encouraging, but inmates instead saw vulnerabilities and took advantage. In the early 1960s Mike Coppola was imprisoned on tax evasion charges and followed in the footsteps of his predecessor Ciro Terranova, being put on the shelf after his release from prison in 1963. Albanian organized crime is active in Albania , the United States , and the European Union (EU) countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking . David Weeks, a special prison prosecutor stated, more than 90 percent of inmate homicides are gang-ordered and more than one-half of the assaults are the result of gang warfare (Klimko, 1987). Lulzim Krasniqi :(1863-2006) Former leader of the Albania Mafia based in Zagreb, Croatia. He further wrote, I am not the only one who worked there that knows that TDCJ is linked to the gangs and their illegal activities. Mexican Americans exist in a difficult space as a protected group under the White category but not Black, such as reflected in the ruling of Hernandez v. Texas. Like Sandoval, many inmates were both Mexican Americans and Texas residents, thus a sense of comfortability existed between inmate and guard. When prison gang violence arose, the state was quick to blame the reforms as the cause of the violence. Similarly, Biden is hoping the Jan. 6 sacking of the U.S. Capitol . Another trial focused on the parties who were responsible for the murder of Arredondo was underway. Border Brothers, Tri City Bombers, Texas Mafia, Dirty White Boys, Mexikanemi, Mexican Mafia, Nuestra Familia, Aryan Brotherhood, Mandingo Warriors, Black Guerrilla Family, REGISTER NOW TO BEGIN TRAINING FOR YOUR GANG SPECIALIST CERTIFICATION. Race and Ethnicity in Alice, TX. Formed in the California prison system in the 1970s by incarcerated Tejanos, the Texas Syndicate sought protection against Californios. The Aryan Brotherhood which also formed in California is not related to the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas. March 7, 1965, would become known as "Bloody Sunday," a day when more than 600 people marching for civil rights were attacked by state troopers. Texas Syndicate Tattoos: They continued the war and within month's police began arresting top members of the Camorra gangs. Five months earlier, in August 1971 and against a backdrop of escalating violence and increased bombings in Northern Ireland, a new law was introduced giving the authorities the power to imprison . Morales explains, he gets a life sentence and he ends up doing thirty-five, forty years, or whatever before he even comes up for parole. On Sunday, March 7, 1965, in Selma, some 600 marchers lining up behind SNCC's John Lewis and SCLC's Hosea Williams did not seem to expect much violence despite the city's notoriety for violence against the Civil Rights Movement. The murder took place in a corridor of the prison unit that was hidden from the view of prison guards. The tension between Tejanos and Californios also illustrated the restrictive and complicated parameters of membership for prison gangs. Regardless of what skeptics may argue, they engage in various illicit criminal activities such as the drug trade, prostitution, robbery, and extortion within the walls of Texas prison units (Fair, 1988). As a street gang, heavy activity has been reported in Austin, Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the Rio Grande Valley and the Dallas Fort Worth area. A former car dealership displays a graffiti representation of Bloody Sunday on its boarded facade. Ismail Lika : Ismail Lika was an Albanian mobster active in New York City in the 1980s. Their exit does not exist and the prison gang has now also gained a member that will remain in their proximity for the duration of their sentence, equivalent to their life.
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